Діабетична кардіоміопатія: сучасний стан проблеми. Огляд літератури
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30978/CEES-2023-1-58Ключові слова:
діабетична кардіоміопатія, діастолічна дисфункція, ехокардіографія, цукровий діабетАнотація
Розглянуто еволюцію поглядів щодо діабетичної кардіоміопатії (ДКМП): від патологічного стану з гіпертрофією та фіброзом міокарда у хворих на цукровий діабет (ЦД) до розвитку серцевої недостатності (СН) за відсутності інших серцево‑судинних захворювань. Продемонстровано, що ДКМП — це стадійний патофізіологічний стан, притаманний хворим на ЦД та особам з порушенням толерантності до глюкози, спричинений гіперглікемією, гіперінсулінемією та інсулінорезистентністю, характеризується молекулярними змінами, гіпертрофією і дилатацією лівих відділів серця, фіброзом міокарда, зниженням систоло‑діастолічного резерву міокарда шлуночків, розвитком СН, асоціюється з дисфункцією вегетативної нервової системи, порушенням енергетичного метаболізму та збільшенням активності запалення. Проаналізовано особливості ураження серця при ЦД 1 та 2 типу. Відзначено важливість контролю глікемії для запобігання розвитку і прогресуванню СН. Результати експериментальних та клінічних досліджень (CARVAR 92 cohort, LIFE, RENAAL, the Framingham study, HyperGEN, the Strong Heart Study, RECORD trial, PRO active Study) дають підстави стверджувати, що вторинна профілактика ЦД знижує ризик смерті від серцево‑судинних захворювань і прогресування погіршення насосної функції серця. Скринінгове визначення біомаркерів ДКМП (довгі некодуючі РНК і галектин‑3) та проведення допплерехокардіографії хворим на ЦД та особам з порушенням толерантності до глюкози дасть змогу вчасно і адекватно розпочати лікування ДКМП. Наведено шляхи корекції змін у серці, які розвиваються у хворих на ЦД. Метформін, емпагліфлозин, канагліфлозин, ліраглутид та семаглутид є перспективними засобами медикаментозної корекції ДКМП.
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