Інсулін, адипокіни та псоріатичний артрит. Огляд
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30978/CEES-2026-2-70Ключові слова:
адипокіни, запалення, інсулінорезистентність, метформін, псоріатичний артритАнотація
Ожиріння та метаболічний синдром — поширена імуноопосередкована коморбідність при псоріатичному артриті, яка суттєво обтяжує та змінює його клінічний перебіг. Аналіз жирової тканини як активного ендокринного органа дає змогу по-новому оцінити системне метазапалення низької інтенсивності, що лежить в основі як метаболічних розладів, так і хронічного автозапалення опорно-рухового апарату.
Мета — аналіз ролі жирової тканини та порушень вуглеводного обміну в патогенезі ПсА, пошук нових фармакологічних підходів до лікування ПсА.
Інсулінорезистентність варто розглядати як фундаментальне ендокрино-метаболічне порушення, що через механізми гіперінсулінемії має прямий анаболічний вплив на проліферацію кератиноцитів й остеогенну диференціацію клітин, стимулюючи остеопроліферацію та ентезопатії. Профіль адипокінів (насамперед адипонектину, лептину та резистину), які секретують дисфункціональні адипоцити, є безпосереднім медіатором запалення. Перемикання жирової тканини на прозапальний фенотип макрофагів М1 зумовлює критичне зниження рівня захисного адипонектину та гіперпродукцію лептину й резистину. Через активацію сигнальних шляхів ядерного фактора kВ (NF-kB) і c-Jun N-термінальної кінази (JNK) адипокіни потенціюють прозапальні імунні осі інтерлейкінів-23 та 17 і фактора некрозу пухлини a, які спільно впливають на формування та прогресування суглобового синдрому при псоріатичному артриті. Надлишок резистину стимулює остеокластогенез і деградацію хряща, тоді як застосування агоністів глюкагоноподібного пептиду-1, метформіну й інгібіторів натрійзалежного котранспортера глюкози-2 дає змогу пригнічувати ці руйнівні процеси шляхом зниження системного оксидативного стресу та експресії прозапальних генів.
Висновки. Аналіз молекулярних взаємодій не лише поліпшує розуміння синергізму інсулінорезистентності й адипокінового дисбалансу, а й визначає нові терапевтичні мішені. Призначення препаратів метаболічної дії (метформіну, інгібіторів натрійзалежного котранспортера глюкози-2, агоністів глюкагоноподібного пептиду-1), що підвищують чутливість до інсуліну та знижують рівень системних цитокінів, є перспективним методом для одночасного лікування метаболічних і суглобових маніфестацій псоріатичної хвороби.
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