Роль тиреотропного гормону у генезі раку щитоподібної залози

О. В. Черненко; В. Г. Хоперія

doi:10.24026/1818-1384.2(43).2013.77655

Автор(и)

О. В. Черненко Український науково-практичний центр ендокринної хірургії, трансплантації ендокринних органів і тканин МОЗ України, Київ, Ukraine
В. Г. Хоперія Український науково-практичний центр ендокринної хірургії, трансплантації ендокринних органів і тканин МОЗ України, Київ, Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24026/1818-1384.2(43).2013.77655

Ключові слова:

thyroid cancer, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid carcinogenesis

Анотація

There is mounting evidence that the serum concentration of TSH is an independent predictor for the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy in patients with nodular thyroid disease. Furthermore, preoperative serum TSH concentrations are higher in patients with more aggressive tumors, suggesting a potential role for TSH in the progression of differentiated thyroid cancer. Based on these observations, patients with higher serum TSH concentrations and borderline cytological results may require more aggressive investigation and treatment when compared with those with lower baseline TSH levels. The mechanisms underlying the finding of higher serum TSH in patients with thyroid cancer remain unexplained. According to the analysis of the relationship of TSH and frequency of papillary thyroid cancer, found significantly increased levels of TSH in patients with thyroid cancer compared with benign tumors. They found significantly higher TSH concentrations in patients who were subsequently diagnosed with thyroid cancer compared with those with benign disease. In addition, they found that the development of autonomous thyroid function (TSH<0.4 mU/ml) was associated with a reduction in the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In this review we present evidence for an association between TSH and thyroid cancer.

Біографії авторів

О. В. Черненко, Український науково-практичний центр ендокринної хірургії, трансплантації ендокринних органів і тканин МОЗ України, Київ

O. Chernenko

В. Г. Хоперія, Український науково-практичний центр ендокринної хірургії, трансплантації ендокринних органів і тканин МОЗ України, Київ

V. Khoperiya

Посилання

Aoki Y., Belin R.M., Clickner R., Jeffries R., Phillips L., Mahaffey K.R. Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002) // Thyroid. – 2007. – Vol. 17. – P. 1211-1223. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2006.0235

Baker J.R. The immune response to papillary thyroid cancer // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 1995. – Vol. 80. – P. 3419-3420. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.80.12.3419

Balme H.W. Metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid successfully treated with thyroxine // Lancet. – 1954. – Vol. 266. – P. 812-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(54)91480-4

Belfiore A., La Rosa G.L., La Porta G.A., Giuffrida D., Milazzo G., Lupo L., Regalbuto C., Vigneri R. Cancer risk in patients with cold thyroid nodules: relevance of iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity // American Journal of Medicine. – 1992. – Vol. 93. – P. 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(92)90164-7

Biondi B., Filetti S., Schlumberger M. Thyroidhormone therapy and thyroid cancer: a reassessment. Nature Clinical Practice // Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 2005. – Vol. 1. – P. 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpendmet0020

Boelaert K., Horacek J., HolderR.L., Watkinson J.C., Sheppard M.C., Franklyn J.A. Serum thyrotropin concentration as a novel predictor of malignancy in thyroid nodules investigated by fineneedle aspiration // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 2006. – Vol. 91. – P. 4295-4301. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-0527

Brabant G. Thyrotropin suppressive therapy in thyroid carcinoma: what are the targets? // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 2008. – Vol. 93. – P. 1167-1169. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2228

Brewer C., Yeager N., Di C.A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone initiated proliferative signals converge in vivo on the mTOR kinase without activating AKT // Cancer Research. – 2007. – Vol. 67. – P. 8002-8006. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2471

British Thyroid Association and Royal College of Physicians // Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. – 2007. – edn 2. [www.british-thyroid-association.org].

Carayon P., Thomas-Morvan C., Castanas E., Tubiana M. Human thyroid cancer: membrane thyrotropin binding and adenylate cyclase activity // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 1980. – Vol. 51. – P. 915-920. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-51-4-915

Chang T.C., Kuo S.H., Liaw K.Y., Chang C.C., Chen F.W. Cell kinetics, DNA content and TSH receptor-adenylate cyclase system in differentiated thyroid cancer // Clinical Endocrinology. – 1988. – Vol. 29. – P. 477-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1988.tb03696.x

Cipolla C., Sandonato L., Graceffa G., Fricano S., Torcivia A., Vieni S., Latteri S., Latteri M.A. Hashimoto thyroiditis coexistent with papillary thyroid carcinoma // American Surgeon. – 2005. – Vol. 71. – P. 874-878.

Cooper D.S., Doherty G.M., Haugen B.R., Kloos R.T., Lee S.L., Mandel S.J., Mazzaferri E.L., McIver B., Sherman S.I., Tuttle R.M. Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer // Thyroid. – 2006. – Vol. 16. – P. 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2006.16.ft-1

Davies L., Welch H.G. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973-2002 // Journal of the American Medical Association. – 2006. – Vol. 295. – P. 2164-2167. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.18.2164

Dean D.S., Hay I.D. Prognostic indicators in differentiated thyroid carcinoma // Cancer Control. – 2000. – Vol. 7. – P. 229-239.

Derwahl M., Broecker M., Kraiem Z. Clinical review 101: thyrotropin may not be the dominant growth factor in benign and malignant thyroid tumors // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 1999. – Vol. 84. – P. 829-834. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.3.5519

Feldt-Rasmussen U. Iodine and cancer // Thyroid. – 2001. – Vol. 11. – P. 483-486. https://doi.org/10.1089/105072501300176435

Fenzi G.F., Ceccarelli C., Macchia E., Monzani F., Bartalena L., Giani C., Ceccarelli P., Lippi F., Baschieri L., Pinchera A. Reciprocal changes of serum thyroglobulin and TSH in residents of a moderate endemic goitre area // Clinical Endocrinology. – 1985. – Vol. 23. – P. 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb00205.x

Filetti S., Belfiore A., Amir S.M., Daniels G.H., Ippolito O., VigneriR., Ingbar S.H. The role of thyroid- stimulating antibodies of Graves' disease in differentiated thyroid cancer // New England Journal of Medicine. – 1988. – Vol. 318. – P. 753-759. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198803243181206

Fiore E., Rago T., Provenzale M.A., Scutari M., Ugolini C., Basolo F., Di Coscio G., Berti P., Grasso L., Elisei R., Pinchera A., Vitti P. Lower levels of TSH are associated to a lower risk of papillary thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodular disease: thyroid autonomy may play a protective role // Endocrine-Related Cancer. – 2009 – Vol. 16. – P. 1251-1260. https://doi.org/10.1677/erc-09-0036

Franceschi S. Iodine intake and thyroid carcinoma – a potential risk factor // Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes. – 1998. – Vol. 106. – P. 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1212045

Gharib H. Changing trends in thyroid practice: understanding nodular thyroid disease // Endocrine Practice. – 2004. – Vol. 10. – P. 31-39. https://doi.org/10.4158/ep.10.1.31

Goldberg R.C., Lindsay S., Nichols C.W.Jr., Chaikoff I.L. Induction of neoplasms in thyroid glands of rats by subtotal thyroidectomy and by the injection of one microcurie of I-131 // Cancer Research. – 1964. – Vol. 24. – P. 35-43.

Gudmundsson J., Sulem P., Gudbjartsson D.F., Jonasson J.G., Sigurdsson A., Bergthorsson J.T., He H., Blondal T., Geller F., Jakobsdottir M. et al. Common variants on 9q22.33 and 14q13.3 predispose to thyroid cancer in European populations // Nature Genetics. – 2009. – Vol. 41. – P. 460-464. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.339

Hales I.B., McElduff A., Crummer P., Clifton-Bligh P., Delbridge L., Hoschl R., Poole A., Reeve T.S., Wilmshurst E., Wiseman J. Does Graves' disease or thyrotoxicosis affect the prognosis of thyroid cancer // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 1992. – Vol. 75. – P. 886-889. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.75.3.1517381

Haymart M.R. Understanding the relationship between age and thyroid cancer // Oncologist. – 2009. – Vol. 14. – P. 216-221. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0194

Haymart M.R., Repplinger D.J., Leverson G.E., Elson D.F., Sippel R.S., Jaume J.C., Chen H. Higher serum thyroid stimulating hormone level in thyroid nodule patients is associated with greater risks of differentiated thyroid cancer and advanced tumor stage // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 2008. – Vol. 93. – P. 809-814. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2215

Haymart M.R., Glinberg S.L., Liu J., Sippel R.S., Jaume J.C., Chen H. Higher serum TSH in thyroid cancer patients occurs independent of age and correlates with extrathyroidal extension // Clinical Endocrinology. – 2009. – Vol. 71. – P. 434-439. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03489.x

Hegedus L. Clinical practice. The thyroid nodule / / New England Journal of Medicine. – 2004. – Vol. 351. – P. 1764-1771. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp031436

Hegedus L., Bonnema S.J., Bennedbaek F.N. Management of simple nodular goiter: current status and future perspectives // Endocrine Reviews. – 2003. – Vol. 24. – P. 102-132. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2002-0016

Hollowell J.G., Staehling N.W., Flanders W.D., Hannon W.H., Gunter E.W., Spencer C.A., Braverman L.E. Serum TSH T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 2002. – Vol. 87. – P. 489-499. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.2.8182

Holm L.E., Blomgren H., Lowhagen T. Cancer risks in patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis // New England Journal of Medicine. – 1985. – Vol. 312. – P. 601-604. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198503073121001

Hovens G.C., Stokkel M.P., Kievit J., Corssmit E.P., Pereira A.M., Romijn J.A., Smit J.W. Associations of serum thyrotropin concentrations with recurrence and death in differentiated thyroid cancer // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 2007. – Vol. 92. – P. 2610-2615. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-2566

Ichikawa Y., Saito E., Abe Y., Homma M., Muraki T. Presence of TSH receptor in thyroid neoplasms / / Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 1976. – Vol. 42. – P. 395-398. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-42-2-395

Jonklaas J., Sarlis N.J., Litofsky D., Ain K.B., Bigos S.T., Brierley J.D., Cooper D.S., Haugen B.R., Ladenson P.W., Magner J. et al. Outcomes of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma following initial therapy // Thyroid. – 2006. – Vol. 16. – P. 1229-1242. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2006.16.1229

Jonklaas J., Nsouli-Maktabi H., Soldin S.J. Endogenous thyrotropin and triiodothyronine concentrations in individuals with thyroid cancer // Thyroid. – 2008. – Vol. 18. – P. 943-952. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2008.0061

Kimura T., Van Keymeulen A., Golstein J., Fusco A., Dumont J.E., Roger P.P. Regulation of thyroid cell proliferation by TSH and other factors: a critical evaluation of in vitro models // Endocrine Reviews. – 2001. – Vol. 22. – P. 631-656. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.22.5.0444

Kurukahvecioglu O., Taneri F., Yuksel O., Aydin A., Tezel E., Onuk E. Total thyroidectomy for the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis coexisting with papillary thyroid carcinoma // Advances in Therapy. – 2007. – Vol. 24. – P. 510-516. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02848773

Lind P., Langsteger W., Molnar M., Gallowitsch H.J., Mikosch P., Gomez I. Epidemiology of thyroid diseases in iodine sufficiency // Thyroid. – 1998. – Vol. 8. – P. 1179-1183. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.1998.8.1179

Mann K. Evaluation of risk in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules // Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. – 1998. – Vol. 106. – P. 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1212051

Marqusee E., Benson C.B., Frates M.C., Doubilet P.M., Larsen P.R., Cibas E.S., Mandel S.J. Usefulness of ultrasonography in the management of nodular thyroid disease // Annals of Internal Medicine. – 2000. – Vol. 133. – P. 696-700.

Matsuo K., Friedman E., Gejman P.V., Fagin J.A. The thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) is not an oncogene for thyroid tumors: structural studies of the TSH-R and the alpha-subunit of Gs in human thyroid neoplasms // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 1993. – Vol. 76. – P. 1446-1451. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.76.6.8501149

Mazzaferri E.L. An overview of the management of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma // Thyroid. – 1999. – Vol. 9. – P. 421-427. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.1999.9.421

Mazzaferri E.L. Thyroid cancer and Graves' disease: the controversy ten years later // Endocrine Practice. – 2000. – Vol. 6. – P. 221-225. https://doi.org/10.4158/ep.6.2.221

Mazzaferri E.L., Jhiang S.M. Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer // American Journal of Medicine. – 1994. – Vol. 97. – P. 418-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90321-2

Nagataki S., Nystrom E. Epidemiology and primary prevention of thyroid cancer // Thyroid. – 2002. – Vol. 12. – P. 889-896. https://doi.org/10.1089/105072502761016511

Okayasu I., Fujiwara M., Hara Y., Tanaka Y., Rose N.R. Association of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and thyroid papillary carcinoma. A study of surgical cases among Japanese, and white and African Americans // Cancer. – 1995. – Vol. 76. – P. 2312-2318. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19951201)76:113.0.co;2-h

Papini E., Petrucci L., Guglielmi R., Panunzi C., Rinaldi R., Bacci V., Crescenzi A., Nardi F., Fabbrini R., Pacella C.M. Long-term changes in nodular goiter: a 5-year prospective randomized trial of levothyroxine suppressive therapy for benign cold thyroid nodules // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 1998. – Vol. 83. – P. 780-783. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.3.4615

Pellegriti G., Belfiore A., Giuffrida D., Lupo L., Vigneri R. Outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer in Graves' patients // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 1998. – Vol. 83. – P. 2805-2809. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.8.4997

Polyzos S.A., Kita M., Efstathiadou Z., Poulakos P., Slavakis A., Sofianou D., Flaris N., Leontsini M., Kourtis A., Avramidis A. Serum thyrotropin concentration as a biochemical predictor of thyroid malignancy in patients presenting with thyroid nodules // Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. – 2008. – Vol. 134. – P. 953-960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-008-0373-7

Pujol P., Daures J.P., Nsakala N., Baldet L., Bringer J., Jaffiol C. Degree of thyrotropin suppression as a prognostic determinant in differentiated thyroid cancer // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 1996. – Vol. 81. – P. 4318-4323. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.81.12.8954034

Reiners C., Wegscheider K., Schicha H., Theissen P., Vaupel R., Wrbitzky R., Schumm-Draeger P.M. Prevalence of thyroid disorders in the working population of Germany: ultrasonography screening in 96,278 unselected employees // Thyroid. – 2004. – Vol. 14. – P. 926-932. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2004.14.926

Ron E., Lubin J.H., Shore R.E., Mabuchi K., Modan B., Pottern L.M., Schneider A.B., Tucker M.A., Boice J.D. Jr. Thyroid cancer after exposure to external radiation: a pooled analysis of seven studies // Radiation Research. – 1995. – Vol. 141. – P. 259-277. https://doi.org/10.2307/3579003

Ross D.S. Predicting thyroid malignancy // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 2006. – Vol. 91. – P. 4253-4255. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1772

Sanders L.E., Cady B. Differentiated thyroid cancer: reexamination of risk groups and outcome of treatment // Archives of Surgery. – 1998. – Vol. 133. – P. 419-425. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.133.4.419

Satta M.A., De R.G., Testa A., Maussier M.L., Valenza V., Rabitti C., Saletnich I., D'Ugo D., Picciocchi A. Thyroid cancer in suppressed contralateral lobe of patients with hot thyroid nodule // European Journal of Cancer. – 1993. – Vol. 29A. – P. 1190-1192. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(05)80313-2

Shi Y., Zou M., Farid N.R. Expression of thyrotrophin receptor gene in thyroid carcinoma is associated with a good prognosis // Clinical Endocrinology. – 1993. – Vol. 39. – P. 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb02365.x

Simpson W.J., Panzarella T., Carruthers J.S., Gospodarowicz M.K., Sutcliffe S.B. Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: impact of treatment in 1578 patients // International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. – 1988. – Vol. 14. – P. 1063-1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(88)90381-1

Singh B., Shaha A.R., Trivedi H., Carew J.F., Poluri A., Shah J.P. Coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma: impact on presentation, management, and outcome // Surgery. – 1999. – Vol. 126. – P. 1070-1076. https://doi.org/10.1067/msy.2099.101431

Surks M.I., Hollowell J.G. Age-specific distribution of serum thyrotropin and antithyroid antibodies in the US population: implications for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 2007. – Vol. 92. – P. 4575-4582. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1499

Tunbridge W.M., Evered D.C., Hall R., Appleton D., Brewis M., Clark F., Evans J.G., Young E., Bird T., Smith P.A. The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey // Clinical Endocrinology. – 1977. – Vol. 7. – P. 481-493.

Vander J.B., Gaston E.A., Dawber T.R. The significance of nontoxic thyroid nodules. Final report of a 15-year study of the incidence of thyroid malignancy // Annals of Internal Medicine. – 1968. – Vol. 69. – P. 537-540. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-3-537

Vermiglio F., Lo P., Violi M.A., Moleti M., Castagna M.G., Finocchiaro M.D., Mattina F., Mandolfino M., Zimbaro G., Trimarchi F. Changes in both size and cytological features of thyroid nodule after levothyroxine treatment // Clinical Endocrinology. – 2003. – Vol. 59. – P. 347-353. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01854.x

Du Villard J.A., Wicker R., Crespo P., Russo D., Filetti S., Gutkind J.S., Sarasin A., Suarez H.G. Role of the cAMP and MAPK pathways in the transformation of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts by a TSHR gene constitutively activated by point mutation // Oncogene. – 2000. – Vol. 19. – P. 4896-4905. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1203852

Walker R.P., Paloyan E. The relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid neoplasia, and primary hyperparathyroidism // Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. – 1990. – Vol. 23. – P. 291-302.

Yano Y., Shibuya H., Kitagawa W., Nagahama M., Sugino K., Ito K., Ito K. Recent outcome of Graves' disease patients with papillary thyroid cancer // European Journal of Endocrinology. – 2007. – Vol. 157. – P. 325-329. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-07-0136

Yeager N., Klein-Szanto A., Kimura S., Di C.A. Pten loss in the mouse thyroid causes goiter and follicular adenomas: insights into thyroid function and Cowden disease pathogenesis // Cancer Research. – 2007. – Vol. 67. – P. 959-966. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3524

Zelmanovitz F., Genro S., Gross J.L. Suppressive therapy with levothyroxine for solitary thyroid nodules: a double-blind controlled clinical study and cumulative meta-analyses // Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. – 1998. – Vol. 83. – P. 3881-3885. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.11.5215